Electric insulator.



J. D. HILLIARD.

ELECTRIC INSULATOR. v nruouzon mm we. n, 1908.

Patented Aug. 12,1913.

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ZZZ////// INVENTUR J. 1). HILLIARD.

ELEGTRIC INSULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 1908.

1,069,782, Patented A g.12,1913.

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WITNEEiL-ifi [NVEN T U 'f-Prxm J. D. HILLIARD. ELECTRIC INSULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 11, 190B. I 1,069,782. Pat nted- Aug. 12, 1913.

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JOHN D. HILLIARD, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC INsULA'ron.

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Specification of Lctterslatent. P t t d A 12, 1913.

Application filed August 11. 1908 Serial No. 447,960.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN D. HILLIARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Albany, county of Albany, andi'State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Insulators,. of which the following is a specification.

- In the transmission of electrical energy the line voltage has been from time to time largely increased untilthe question of insulation has become of very great importance. To prevent damage to the line orin terruption to the supply of current it is important to prevent arcing caused by a ump of the currentfrom the line-wire to the insulator-pin or arm; and in extreme cases where an arc is the conductor.

It is the common practice in the construction of high-tension insulators to make useof a nest of porcelain shells, cemented one within another, which is secured to'a supporting metallic pin on one side, and on the opposite side secured to the conductor so that the shells are interposed between the pin and conductor, as many shells being employed. As frequently hap pens one of these shells may be broken necessitating its replacement by an -unbroken shell. As heretofore constructed, if one of the lower shells was thus broken all the shells above the broken one had to be broken and removed together with the injured shell and-the broken shells replaced with new ones. The reason for this was the fact that the shells were so cemented together that they could not be detached one from another without breakage.

The objects of others to protect the conductor against damage from arcs; insulator-shells with each other so that they maybe detached one from another without breakage when desired; to provide mecha-'- nism for conveniently and detachablv securing the condu tor to 'theinsulator, vt ie parts. of such mechanism being non-detachable Similar characters refer to. similar parts in the several-figures therein.

formed to prevent damageto as three or four my invention are among .tical section to detachably connect thefrom each other to secure them against loss; detachably securing to a nest of insulator shells anattaching cap and a pin-receiving socket; and to secure. a more reliable connection between the insulator and conductor; also to form a series condenser which will tend to equalize the electric stresses applied to the insulator and greatly reduce the liability of puncture.

The invention consists in interposing a metallic shield contacting with the conductor between snch'conductor and the insulator; in embedding in the cement which connects the neighboring insulator-shells a spiral or coil of wire or other material which can be pulled out from bet-ween the shells in such a manner as to break up the cement which binds the shells together without injury to the shells so that the shells can be easily separated one from another;

securing by cement to one side of thenest of insulator-shellsapin-receiVing socket and to the opposite side an attaching cap, the cement containiig similar means for decaching the socket and cap from the shell by breaking up the cement-binding between the. shell and socket or, cap; and providing clamping mechanism for securing the insulator to the conductor which can be safely used'without dangerof breaking the shells, the parts of which mechanism are permanently connected with each other so that when the clamp is operated none of the parts of the clamp can be lost or mislaid as will be hereinafter more fully described in this specification and claimed at the end thereof; also in embedding in the cement between the insulating shells masses of metal such as a spiral or coil of wire or other forms of metal so that the alternating insulator-shells and masses of metal will form a series condenser for the purposes above named.

' Figure 1 of the drawingsis a view in side elevation of the'improved insulator secured to a w re-conductor shown in cross section the supporting-pin being shown with a part broken away. Fig. 2 is ajc entral, vertaken on the broken line e2 in Fig.'1.'-'Fig.,3 is a top plan view of the part shown in Fig. 1.' i Fig. 4 is a central,

vertical section of the pin-socket, or bushing,"

detached. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view of a wire coil embedded in thecement which.

bindstogether the insulator-shells. Fig. 6 is a side elevat10n of thenpperportion of the .insulator-supporting pin. Fig- 7 -is;-'-.a' verticalsection of the clamping mechanism by which the wire conductor is secured to the iipsulator taken on the broken line m-z'v in ig. 3. Fig. -8 is a view similar ,to that shown in Fig. 7 showing a modified-form of construction, Fig. 9 is a section similar to that shown ifi Fig. 8 and showing-.a reinforcing plate between the cap and boltheads.

The insulator comprises a plurality of in- -sulator-shells, 1, 2 and 3, preferably made of porcelain inserted one within another as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Each of the shells is provided with a central shank, 4, graduated in size so that one may beinserted within another, the shank of the shell, 1, being large enough .to receive the shank of theshell, 2, and the shank of the shell, 3, being small enough to be inserted within the shank ofth shell 2. These shanks are preferably corrugated as seen in cross-section in Fig. 2. By depositing a quantity of plastic cement within the shanks when they are inserted one Within another 'and'allowing the cement to harden the shells are firmly secured one to another. The shanks may be given/any irregular form, as well as a corrugated form, such as will prevent the withdrawal of ,one shank fromanother When they cement has become hardened. As a means for making the connecticn between the several shells detachable one a coil of wire is embedded in the plastic cement when the shells are assembled. The relative positions of'the coils, 5, shanks, 4, and cement, 6, are shown in Fig, 2, the large black dots 'representin a cross-sectional view of the coil. One end, of each coil projects from the cement down into the space between the shells where it can be grasped by a pair of tongs and drawn from the cement. Upon withdrawing the wire of the coils from the cement, by means of the tongs, the coil unwinds and breaks the thin layers of cement between the coilsand the shanks of the uneven surface which is engaged by the cement between the cap or socket and its neighboring shell. It is obvious that the supporting-pin, 10, provided with the screwthreaded-shank, 12, can be easily inserted and withdrawn from the correspondinglythreaded pin-socket 9.

.As a means for securing the insulator- 'the bolts are connected by a yoke 21.

shells to the conductlng' wire, 13, shown inclosed in the metalliotube, 14, I provide clamping bars, 15 and 16, adapted to fit and embrace the upper surface of the tube, the lower surface of which bears upon thelouter surface'o'f the cap; 8 ,'-andl.connect.the bars with the cap .by means of the screw-threaded bolts, 17;- ,and 18, which 'proj'ect outwardly through apertures -in thezcap-withrtheir heads bearing upon the inner surfac'eof the cap, and. nuts, 19., and 20,}adaptedto -bear upon the upper surface of the 'clampingbars when turned onto-the screw-threaded ends of the'bolt's, as seen in Fig. 8' of: the draw- 1 ings, the bolts passing-' up through. aperb tures in the endsof the clamping bars. By having the bolts project outwardly "from the cap through apertures therein and. connectedwith' the clamping-bars as shbwn no strain is imposed'jdir'ectly upon the insulator shells as frequentlyhappens when the bolts pass down through the clamping-*bar'sand are screwed into a screw-threadedaperture inv the cap, in which latter case if the bolts pass too far th-rough'the' cap they might: come in contact with the outer insulator shell and fracture the same. When desired the bolts may be connected, as by'a yoke, 21,"'Fig. 7,

located interiorly of the cap. When the 1 bolts are so'connected a yoke'the capapertures through which the bolts pass may be circular in form, and the shanks ofjthe bolts shaped to fit such circular-openings; but when the bolts are not connected bu-t are provided with separate heads, .as .seen in Fig. 8,.the bolt-apertures in the'cap should be angular in shape and the shanks of the bolts correspondingly shaped to prevent the bolts from turning therein when the nuts are turned to operate the clamping bars.

It frequently happens, in changing a. polesupported insulator, that the clamping nuts or bars are, when detached, dropped which necessitates descending the pole to find the same which is often a diflicult matter when the ground is covered with snow. To. prevent such accidental loss of any of the parts,

-I make such parts non-detachable, which positively insures against accidental misplacing, or loss, of the parts. As a preferred means for thus permanent-lyiconnecting the parts together I makeioneof-the' bolts'as, 17, longerthan the other bolt 18,- and after its clamping-nut, 20, has,fe'en' turned onto the bolt the proj.ecting"'end 2 2,i is upset or made larger, as seen in Fig. 8, so that the nut cannot be removed from the bolt, and the nut, 19, is provided With-a boss, 23, which is inserted lll the -enlarged';-

opening, 24, of the clamping-bar and after .125-

being so inserted the inserted end, 25', isiju-p set so that it'cannot be withdrawnltnroughq the aperat-ure, 24, as seen in Fig. :-8;: Ehe' same construction is shown in Fig. 7 where.

To release the conductor, which is shown clamped in Figs. 7 and 8 between the cap and clamping-bars, it is .only necessary to turn backward the nuts, 20 and 19, until 5 the nut, 19, is wholly detached from the bolt, 18, the nut, 20, passing up to the enlargement on the end, 22, of bolt 17. The clamping-bar can then be swung around upon the bolt, 17,'until it is who-11y withdrawn from the conductor, 13, which will permit the conductor to be entirely removed from the.clamp. To again attach the conductor it is only necessary to place the parts so that the conductor will rest upon the cap and swing the clamping-bar back over the conductor to a position which will permit the nut, 19, to be turned upon the bolt 18. By then turning both clamping nuts the clamping-bars can be made to assume the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8 firmly clamping the conductor between ,the bars and the cap. Both clamping bars, 15 and 16, are operated in substantially the same manner. It will thus be seen that the clamping-nut, 19, cannot be detached from its clamping-bar, 15, and neither the clamping-nut, 20, nor the clamping-bar, 15, can be detached from the bolt 17 V When desired, a strengthening bar, 26, may be inserted bet-ween the heads, '27, of the bolts and the cap, 8, as seen in Fig. 9.

It sometimes happens that the electric tension is suflicient to cause the current to pass from the conducitor to the supporting-pin thus forming an are between the pin and conductor which would not only interfere with the transmission of the current but would damage the conductor by the action .of the are upon it. As a means for protecting the conductor from the effects of such an arc the conductor may be inclosed in a metallic casing or tube, 14, so that it any are was formed it would be formed be-.

tween the casing and the pin instead of It is not absolutely essential that the casing or shield should entirely inclose the conductor. The shield may be a metal plate extending along the undersurface of the conductor. lVhatever form of shield is used it should extend a sufficient distance on opposite sides ,of the insulator to protect the conductor from any are which mightbe formed.

When desired, the cap, 8, and bolts, 17 and 18, may be first. assembled in the position shown in Figsx'? and S and then galvanized as one piec eflectually scaling up all the openings in the cap between the cap and bolts.

When desired, the pin-socket 9 may be dispensed with and the pin 10 detachably cemented intothe shank of the inner shell in the same manner tached.

coming in contact with the conductor itself.'

that the socket isat- It is obvious that any kind of cement may be employed which can be inserted in a plastic state and will afterward harden sufiiciently to bind the parts together; also that the spiral embedded in the cement may be of any known material adapted to be unwound and break up the cement between the parts thus cemented together, when acomparatively low-tension current is employed. A suitable cement is preferably Port-land cement, although plaster of Paris or heavy' calcined magnesia and silicate or other cement'having the required capabilities may be used.

hen a high-tension current is employed the cement breaking spirals or coils are preferably made of metal which masses of metal, together with the insulatorshells, form a series condenser, as before explained.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. In a high-tension insulator,.a nest of insulator-shells detachably held one within another by means of cement, the parts being removably mounted together and the cement between contiguous shells, being divided into a plurality of relatively small fragile portions proportioned to theshells to have a capacity of being disintegrated with relation to the shells \vithout rupturingthe shells.

2. In a high-tension insulator,'a nest of insulator-shells detachahly held one within another by means of cement. divided into a plurality of relatively small portions ,prcportioned to the shells to have a capacity at being disintegrated with rclaticn to the shells without rupturing the shells, one shell having on its inner surface an inwardly extending projection and the contained shell having on its outer surt'ace an'adjaccnt ont wardly extending prnjcctiou snlliciently near to said inwardly extending projecticn to cooperate therewith in providing the intervening cement with a thin readily ru'pturable region of: weakness to aid in said disintegration of the cement.

3. In a higlrtension insulator, the combination with an attaching cap. of an insulator-shell held rigidly therein and'sepa- 5 rated therefrom by an interposed layer of cement, said cap and shell on their adjacentsurfaces having narrow portions projecting toward each other, but out: of contact tor providing thin places in the cement and readily rnpturable regions of weakness in said cement and the cement layer having such proportion to the adjarcnt cap and shelhin combination with said regions of weakness as to insure the disruptiu'ing of the cement without rupturing the shell, I

ii:- In a higlrtension insulator, the combination with'an attaching cap, of an insulator-shell held rigidly therein and separated therefrom by an interposed layer of cement,

an attaching cap said cap and shell on their adjacent surfaces ing cap and others of which layers are of insulating material, and cement interposed between all of said layers in readily ruptui able deposits, holding them in spaced apart relation.

. 6. In an insulator, the combination with of an insulator-shell cemented to the cap; and means operating on the cement for detaching the cap and shell.

7. The combination with an attaching cap; and an accessible coil inserted therein; of an insulator-shell having its supporting shank cemented within the cap and coil.

8. The combination with an insulatorshell having a supporting shank; and a coil encircling the shank; of an attaching cap containing cement and united thereby to said coil and shank. I

9. The combination with an attaching cap, and an accessible disrupturing coil inserted therein, of an insulator shellhaving its shank cemented within the cap and coil,

the cap and shank having cotiperating means for retaining a portion of the cement and the cap and shank together while and until the coil is removed.

10. In an insulator, the combination with a plurality of insulator-shells the center pofrtions of-which are insertible, one within another; of binding cement deposited between each neighboring pair of shells; and an accessible cement-breaker embedded in each cement deposit. v

11. In an insulator, thecomblnation with a plurality of insulator-shells insertible, one

within another; of a deposit of binding cement between the neighboring pairs of shells; and? accessible cement-breakers con sisting of wire coils severally embedded in the cement .deposits. j

a 12. The combination with a plurality of insulator-shells severally provided with supporting shanks insertible one within another; of anaccessible 'coil embedded in ce-- ment located between each neighboring pair of shanks.

. 13. The combination with an insulator having a shank; of a cap adapted to receive such shank; a deposit of cement between IGOsu ch cap" and shank; and an accessible cement breaker embedded in such cement.

14. 'In an insulator, the combination with a-shell-cap having a chamber above the threaded bolts inserted in suchfbolt-holeswith their heads in the cap-chaniberpa clamp, apertured to receive the bolts, in serted therethrough; and a screw-threaded nut on each bolt adapted to bear upon the clamp.

15. In an insulator, the combination witha chambered shell-cap provided with'ibolt} holes; of rew-threaded bolts inserted in aud closely fitting such bolt-lioles with"their screw-threaded ends projecting exteriorlyof the cap and a metallic coating-applied to the cap and inserted bolts whichmakes ti'ght joints between the cap and bolts. i

16. Iii an insulator, the combination with a bhambered shell-cap provided with bolt holes; of a strengthening plate haiving' bolts holes registering with the bolt-holes in'the cap and bearing upon the inner side of the chamber-wall screw-threaded bolts inserted in and fitting the bolt-holes of both cap and plate with their heads in the chamber; a

clamp-plate and screw-threaded nuts on the; projecting ends of the bolts; and meansyfor ugh 17. In an insulator, the combin tion wi tlt preventing the bolts from rotating.

a stationary support for 'a :linecon'ductor; of screw-threaded bolts unequal'in length projecting from said support; a clamp-plate r cooperative with said support, and provided with bolt-holes for the respective bolts;.- a nut permanently and movably secured on the longer bolt; and a nut permanently ard movably interlocked with said clamp plate, said shorter bolt'being adaptedto detach ably receive said 'clamp-plateand the nut interlocked therewith, and said. clamp-plate being adapted to rotate on said longer-boltwhen detached from the shorten-bolt.-

1'8. In an insulator, theoombinati on with a chambered shell-cap provided,- with b0113 holes; screw-threaded bo lts','. u 11equal in length and conneeted-by a' yoke, inserted inv the bolt holes with their connecting yoke in the chamber; a bolt-apertured clamp-plate on sald bolts; a nut on the .l'ongerbolt; a stop on the end of the longer bolt';'a.nut on its the shorter bolt a loose connection between I the short-bolt-nut andthe' clamp-plate.

19. The combination with an insulator, of

an electric conductor, a conductor shield of conducting-material extended beyond theim sulator, and means 'for clamping the insulator upon the shielded conductor, saidin-f su'lator being constructed to receive a'supp s I 20.- The combination with an electric conductor; an insulator-shell;a metalliccap se}. curedto the shell; of a metallic shield extending beyond theshell; means for clamping the shield, and cap to the conductor; and means. for supporting the parts.

21. The combination with an electric insulator; and a metallic cover on the insulator; of an electric conductor supported by. the

insulator; and a metallic sheath permanently secured on the conductor as a part thereof reaching beyond theinsulator cover.

The combination with an electric insulator-shell having an exteriorly-corrugated shank and of a 'ipl'ofilnately uniform diameter, of a metallic cap interior-ly-corrugated and of approximately un form internal diameter in which the shank is inserted, said shank and cap having their corrugations separated and united by cement in disrupturable deposits oi unequal thickness adjacent said corrugations, and an accessible cement breaker contained in said cement.

93. In an electric insulator com rising a plurality of non-conducting shells secured together by cement, the combination with the shells; and cement; of a body of electrically conductive metal embedded in the cement between neighboring shells and constituting with said shells a condenser.

2-1. The combination with a plurality of electric insulating shells; and a deposit of cement between neighboring shells by which the shells are held together; of a spiral metallic member embedded in such cement.

The combination with an electric insulator-shell; and a supporting pin; of a metallic bushing adapted interiorly to receive and fit the pin; cement between the shell and bushing; and an accessible spiral metallic member embedded in the cement.

26. Means for distributing the electric stresses applied to the shells of a multi-shell insulator, said means comprising a mass of electrically conductive metal incorporated in the cementing substance between the shells. o-

27. An electrical insulator composed of a plurality of insulating shells with cement interposed between them to hold them in spaced apart relation, and a metal spiral embedded in the cement between adjacent shells of the insulator.

28. In combination, an electrical insulator, a metal bushing to support the insulator, a pin fitted in the bushing, cement between insulator and bushing, and a spiral metal member or members incorporated in the cement as a means of'separating the insulator and bushing.

29. Means to protect a line wire from being burned off, said means comprising a metal sheath over the wire at the insulator and extending a short distance each side thereof.

30. Means for preventing a line wire being burned oif at an insulator, said means comprising a metal cap on the insulator and a. metal sheath on the line wire at the insulator and projecting beyond the maximum -Copies of this patent may be obtainedfor five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

